Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative option for patients with end-stage liver disease, with a long-term survival exceeding 75%. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis of any etiology with no reversibility, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within acceptable criteria and acute liver failure fulfilling poor prognostic score are standard indications for liver transplantation. With regard to the etiology of liver disease in patients for liver transplantation, hepatitis C was the most common indication. However, with exceptionally higher cure rates with directly acting antiviral, hepatitis C is no longer the most common indication. With increasing prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic syndrome, Metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related liver disease has become the number one leading indications for liver transplantation. Alcohol-related liver disease continues to rise as a common indication for LT, particularly in the younger population. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a recently defined disease entity with high short-term mortality. Selection of ACLF patients for liver transplantation can be a challenge. Hepatocellular carcinoma is an important indication for liver transplantation. Availability of potent locoregional therapies and, in recent days, immunotherapy has changed the perspective of patient selection for LT. Tumor ‘downstaging’ with above modalities has led to the expansion of liver transplant criteria in patients with HCC. Less common indications for LT includes hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension, familial hypercholesterolemia, hepatic neuroendocrine tumor and other rarer conditions. Careful patient selection and timing of liver transplantation are crucial for appropriate post-transplant outcomes. A multidisciplinary team approach is essential in the success of transplantation.