The chapter fundamentally covers the chemical analysis of polymers, predominantly rubber, as example, as per ASTM D297. The chapter provides a basic idea about chemical identification of polymers, which includes analysis of elements, functional groups, and unsaturation present in the polymer backbone. The primary tests include the ignition, pyrolysis, spot test, and boiling with conc. H2SO4. The wet test includes the Lassaigne test, the Azo dye test, and the Beilstein test. The concept of Soxhlet extraction is also covered in context with eliminating additives from compounded polymer. The trace element detection is also briefly covered.