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This research presents a comparative study of ferromagnetic materials—chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni)—employed in surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensors to detect early-stage adrenal gland (PC12) cancer in individual living cells within the visible light range at a wavelength of 633 nm. The suggested sensor uses a multilayer sensing structure and SPR phenomena to distinguish between malignant and healthy cells. A FK51A prism is utilised as the sensing platform, stacking with a nanocomposite film consisting of silver (Ag), Ni, and Black phosphorous (BP). It has been identified that the malignant adrenal gland (PC12) cells have a refractive index (RI) range of 1.381–1.395. The numerical findings show that the suggested sensor, equipped with different ferromagnetic materials and nanocomposite design, exhibits improved sensitivity (S), with minimum reflectance for healthy and malignant PC12 cells. An angle interrogation technique is used to measure the changes in the refractive index (RI) in malignant PC12 cells of the adrenal gland. The proposed multilayer setup of the SPR sensor includes FK51A, Ag, Ni, and BP, delivering a maximum sensitivity of 328.57°/RIU.

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Ferromagnetic-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Early Detection of Adrenal Gland Cancer

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Shivangani,
  • Anupam Sahu,
  • Dharmendra Kumar,
  • Tanya Tripathi

摘要

This research presents a comparative study of ferromagnetic materials—chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni)—employed in surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensors to detect early-stage adrenal gland (PC12) cancer in individual living cells within the visible light range at a wavelength of 633 nm. The suggested sensor uses a multilayer sensing structure and SPR phenomena to distinguish between malignant and healthy cells. A FK51A prism is utilised as the sensing platform, stacking with a nanocomposite film consisting of silver (Ag), Ni, and Black phosphorous (BP). It has been identified that the malignant adrenal gland (PC12) cells have a refractive index (RI) range of 1.381–1.395. The numerical findings show that the suggested sensor, equipped with different ferromagnetic materials and nanocomposite design, exhibits improved sensitivity (S), with minimum reflectance for healthy and malignant PC12 cells. An angle interrogation technique is used to measure the changes in the refractive index (RI) in malignant PC12 cells of the adrenal gland. The proposed multilayer setup of the SPR sensor includes FK51A, Ag, Ni, and BP, delivering a maximum sensitivity of 328.57°/RIU.