This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of vacuum dust-removal trucks, emphasizing their classifications, key components, and technological advancements. The chapter begins with an introduction to basic features, principal types, usage scenarios, and modern development trends. It then explores major component configurations, specifically focusing on pure suction and blow-suction vacuum dust-removal trucks. The section on design fundamentals covers parameter determination, chassis selection, power train and transmission system design, load distribution, stability assessment, power calculations, and pipeline flow velocity analysis. The major systems and parts—including tanks, pneumatic conveying, filtration, hydraulic, and control systems—are systematically presented to highlight their roles in efficient dust removal. Technical specifications, performance testing methods, inspection checklists, and noise measurement protocols are detailed to ensure operational standards. The chapter concludes with guidelines for selecting suitable vacuum dust-removal trucks, supported by technical parameter tables for informed decision-making.