Nanotechnology can improve agriculture by enabling plant growth and crop productivity. Nanomaterials (NMs) constitute a pivotal technology for modulating phytohormone signalling, which is essential for regulating plant development and environmental responses. Through interactions with the signalling molecules at cellular levels, nanoparticles (NPs) can alter phytohormone pathways like auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid. Metallic NPs such as silver and zinc oxide have also been shown to regulate auxin transport and biosynthesis, stimulating roots and shoots. In addition, nanocarriers optimize the administration of specific hormones in a given placement, enabling precise regulation of plant responses to abiotic stresses (Akhtar et al. 2022). Mechanically, nanoparticles affect phytohormone signaling systems via receptors or by regulating oxidative stress levels. However, there are concerns about the toxicity of nanomaterials. Plant tissues treated with NPs have the potential to lead to oxidative processes, which can disrupt cellular processes, hormonal balance, and homeostasis. In addition, nanoparticles interacting with soil and water systems could provide long-term environmental effects. A thorough risk assessment is needed to balance the effectiveness of using nanotechnology in agriculture and the risks to plant and ecosystem health. Nanotechnology modulation of particles should be focused on biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials that will be less toxic and more efficient. This integrated approach will enable nanotechnology to be an environmentally friendly tool in improving crop productivity and food safety in the changing global scene.