Synthetic polymer-based materials contribute significantly to plastic pollution, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. This chapter explores the use of biopolymer-based materials in advanced military applications, emphasizing their classification, structure, and advantages such as biodegradability, lightweight properties, and mechanical strength. Key biopolymers, including cellulose, chitin, and polylactic acid (PLA), are examined for their potential in protective gear, packaging, medical applications, and environmental remediation. While biopolymers offer environmental and functional benefits, challenges such as scalability, cost, and performance limitations remain. Case studies of successful implementations are discussed, along with future trends in nanotechnology and sustainability-driven innovations. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for continued research and investment to enhance their feasibility and effectiveness.