Shape memory biopolymers (SMBs) are smart materials that revert to their original shape when exposed to stimuli like temperature, light, pH, or moisture. This chapter examines the design, synthesis, and applications of SMBs, emphasizing their versatility and potential in various fields. The fundamental principles of shape memory behavior in biopolymers are discussed, focusing on molecular architecture and cross-linking methods that enhance or modulate these properties. The chapter covers polymerization techniques, including triple helix formation, ionic interactions, and cross-linking, addressing the challenges in synthesizing environmentally friendly SMBs. Applications of SMBs are explored across biomedical, environmental, and other industrial fields. Biomedical uses include drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, wound healing, self-healing materials, biosensors, responsive hydrogels, and smart sutures. Environmental applications highlight biodegradable responsive packaging and smart textiles, while industrial applications cover actuators, sensors, 3D printing, and advanced technologies. The chapter concludes by discussing challenges in the development and commercialization of SMBs, such as scalability, cost-effectiveness, and the need for robust materials. Future research directions and technological advancements are outlined, aiming to overcome these challenges and promote broader adoption of SMBs. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of SMBs’ current state, design, synthesis, and application potential, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and professionals.