This chapter systematically examines the spontaneous, community-driven model of mutual aid elder care in rural China, analyzing its generative logic, cultural foundations, and practical pathways. Rooted in strong traditions of rural mutual support, this model emerges as a rational response to limited government and market services, leveraging community autonomy to lower elder care costs and adapt to changing demographic structures. Through mechanisms such as self-organization, resource sharing, and grassroots self-governance, rural residents effectively supplement elder care provision and foster social cohesion. Drawing on rich case studies, the chapter illustrates how spontaneous participation, local leadership, and flexible service innovation improve care quality and strengthen community bonds. The rural spontaneous mutual aid model not only addresses the real needs of China’s aging rural society but also offers valuable insights and policy references for global rural elder care governance, representing a distinctive “Chinese experience” in population aging and community self-governance.