Renal vascular abnormalities represent a heterogeneous group of diseases and etiologies. Renal arteriovenous malformation, renal arteriovenous fistula, renal artery aneurysm, renal artery stenosis, renal infarction, renal vasculitis, traumatic injury of the renal artery, renal vein thrombosis, and Nutcracker syndrome are included in this category. These lesions may present with a wide range of signs and symptoms that vary from hypertension, flank pain, hematuria, perinephric hematoma, and heart failure to unusual renal masses. Multiple imaging modalities such as ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), or angiography are useful in the evaluation and characterization of these disorders, and understanding normal renal vascular anatomy is important to determine treatment options. This chapter presents the various imaging findings of the vascular diseases of the kidney.