Given the problem that taro harvesting mainly relies on manual harvesting and the mechanization level is low, a taro harvester that can be used in the medium-heavy clay area is proposed. Innovative designs include a valve-like taro supporter to prevent the taro from falling over through reverse locking, a hinge-type limit cutting device to ensure the cutting position is always at the connection between the fruit and the petiole, and a track-type taro feeder wheel that accurately feeds the petiole into the pulling system. Additionally, a soil loosening mechanism, pulling system, and collection device are designed. The length of the arm of the support device is 173 mm, the length of the connecting rod is 122 mm, and the spring constant is 300 N/m. The shovel length of the soil loosening excavation mechanism is 110 mm, and the shovel width is 150 mm. It is clear that the main structure of the digging shovel is a direct structure, and the inclination angle of the shovel surface is between 14° and 25°. The handle is adjustable from 150 mm to 350 mm. At the same time, finite element analysis is conducted on the shovel blade using SolidWorks software to ensure the shovel blade has the appropriate strength through the comprehensive analysis of the track-type feeder wheel, limit cutting mechanism, and drawing mechanism. The drawing speed is between 0.78–1.56 m/s. It is determined that the most suitable angle for the pulling system is 40°, and the Adams simulation proves that the system’s design is reasonable.