The present study focuses on investigating a carbon fiber fabric laminated composite material for shell structures. A constitutive model is established by integrating experimental methods, theoretical analysis, and finite element analysis. By conducting a series of fundamental mechanical tests on the material, data regarding its elastic modulus and strength in different directions are obtained. Additionally, a detailed microscopic analysis of the fracture surface is performed. Utilizing the Tsai-Wu criterion as a basis, a constitutive model for the material is developed and implemented into ABAQUS finite element software through a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). Through comparison with experimental data, the material parameters are adjusted and optimized to obtain an improved parameter set that enhances simulation accuracy. This study not only enhances the precision of structural design analysis utilizing this specific material but also provides reliable support for designing shell structures and similar applications, thereby offering significant practical value. Consequently, this work contributes to promoting wider utilization of composite materials in engineering practice.