With the growing demand for energy, oil and gas pipelines play a vital role in the transportation of oil and gas. The terrain of our country is complex, and landslide is one of the main geological disasters causing damage to oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, a full-scale model test with small pipe diameters was carried out by controlling the slope gradient and displacement through a model box loading device, revealing the deformation law of oil and gas pipelines under transverse landslide. The research results indicated that under the action of transverse soil displacement, the increment of pipeline strain increases with the increase of displacement; obvious local buckling phenomenon occurs at the mid-span of the pipeline, and the overall failure form is symmetrical bending. The ultimate compressive strain value of the test is basically consistent with the calculated value in the specification, but the test value when the pipeline buckles and fails is significantly larger than the numerical simulation result. Finally, the friction coefficient between the pipeline and soil in the finite element model was corrected based on the scaled test data. By comparing the pipeline axial strain data from the scaled landslide test with that of the full-scale finite element model, the reliability of the finite element model was verified. This is of great significance for ensuring the safe operation of oil and gas pipelines and reducing losses caused by geological disasters.