Due to the excellent drag-reducing performance of fish scale surfaces in fluid environments, this study aims to grind a circumferentially arranged fish scale-structured surface on the inner cylindrical surface of a workpiece. Based on the characteristics of traveling wave structures and scale morphology, a fish scale surface model with circumferential arrangement on the inner cylinder was established, a topological mapping matrix was constructed, and a structured grinding wheel was designed. The effects of different speed ratios and grinding depths on the surface morphology were also investigated. The simulation results indicate that the designed grinding wheel can process a circumferentially ordered fish scale microstructure, and the grinding parameters have a significant regulatory effect on the texture morphology.