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Bacterial wound infections present a significant public health challenge due to their potential to cause severe complications, contribute to antibiotic resistance, and increase healthcare costs. Nanomaterials are effective against microbes, yet concerns exist over their recovery and toxicity. Agricultural waste, particularly oil palm frond fiber (OPFF), is abundant and has been studied as a source of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), presenting a valuable opportunity for high-value product conversion. This study aims to assess the isolation and extraction yield of CNC from OPFF through oxalic acid hydrolysis method, investigate the functionalization of CNC into hydrogels with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent, and evaluate their drug-carrying effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The findings indicate that oxalic acid hydrolysis yields a high amount of CNC with good purity. Additionally, the results show that crosslinking improves stability and drug-controlled release capabilities, creating opportunities for sustained delivery systems. Structural analysis via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed distinct surface morphologies for CNCs extracted using this method. Although CNC exhibited no antimicrobial activity on its own, functionalization significantly improved its drug-holding capability when treating these two bacterial strains. These results underscore CNC’s potential as a reinforcing material in nanocarriers for transporting antibiotics to combat bacterial infections.

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Isolation, Characterization, and Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived from Oil Palm Frond-Fiber Incorporating Erythromycin and Tetracycline Hydrochloride

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Y. L. Kong,
  • M. Y. Leong,
  • M. Y. Harun,
  • W. F. Wong,
  • C. Y. Looi

摘要

Bacterial wound infections present a significant public health challenge due to their potential to cause severe complications, contribute to antibiotic resistance, and increase healthcare costs. Nanomaterials are effective against microbes, yet concerns exist over their recovery and toxicity. Agricultural waste, particularly oil palm frond fiber (OPFF), is abundant and has been studied as a source of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), presenting a valuable opportunity for high-value product conversion. This study aims to assess the isolation and extraction yield of CNC from OPFF through oxalic acid hydrolysis method, investigate the functionalization of CNC into hydrogels with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent, and evaluate their drug-carrying effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The findings indicate that oxalic acid hydrolysis yields a high amount of CNC with good purity. Additionally, the results show that crosslinking improves stability and drug-controlled release capabilities, creating opportunities for sustained delivery systems. Structural analysis via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed distinct surface morphologies for CNCs extracted using this method. Although CNC exhibited no antimicrobial activity on its own, functionalization significantly improved its drug-holding capability when treating these two bacterial strains. These results underscore CNC’s potential as a reinforcing material in nanocarriers for transporting antibiotics to combat bacterial infections.