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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has a diverse applications across multiple fields, especially in agriculture and biomedicine. The eco-friendly production method or green synthesis, which includes the biological synthesis of NPs using microbes, presents a viable alternative to traditional physical and chemical approaches. The increasing significance of green synthesis for nanoparticle production stems from its cost-effectiveness, reduced use of harmful chemicals, and widespread antimicrobial efficacy. This study aimed to compare and characterize fungal-cell-free filtrates mediated mycogenic synthesis of ZnO-NPs and examine how the impact of calcination temperatures influence the structural properties, morphological and antibacterial activity. In this study, seven fungal isolates obtained from soil and capable of growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 1 mM of ZnSO4·7H2O solution were initially screened for ZnO-NPs production based on yield performance. It was found that the Talaromyces purpureogenus isolate SD7 produced a high yield of ZnO-NPs. To investigate the effect of calcination temperatures, the mycogenic ZnO-NPs were calcined at different temperatures ranging from 450 °C to 650 °C and further characterized using various spectroscopic and imaging techniques. Characterization techniques using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the ZnO-NPs exhibited a flake-like structure with irregular size and hexagonal wurtzite structure. It was also confirmed that particle size increased with higher calcination temperatures. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties were significantly affected by the calcination temperatures against Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila, with S. agalactiae being more sensitive to ZnO-NPs. This study demonstrates the potential of green-synthesized mycogenic ZnO-NPs as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional antibiotics in managing these freshwater fish pathogens.

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The Effects of Calcination Temperatures on Structural and Antibacterial Properties of Mycogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Freshwater Fish Pathogens

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Muhammad Salahudin Kheirel Anuar,
  • Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin,
  • Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai,
  • Annas Salleh,
  • Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah,
  • Ina Salwany Md Yasin,
  • Mohd Termizi Yusof

摘要

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has a diverse applications across multiple fields, especially in agriculture and biomedicine. The eco-friendly production method or green synthesis, which includes the biological synthesis of NPs using microbes, presents a viable alternative to traditional physical and chemical approaches. The increasing significance of green synthesis for nanoparticle production stems from its cost-effectiveness, reduced use of harmful chemicals, and widespread antimicrobial efficacy. This study aimed to compare and characterize fungal-cell-free filtrates mediated mycogenic synthesis of ZnO-NPs and examine how the impact of calcination temperatures influence the structural properties, morphological and antibacterial activity. In this study, seven fungal isolates obtained from soil and capable of growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 1 mM of ZnSO4·7H2O solution were initially screened for ZnO-NPs production based on yield performance. It was found that the Talaromyces purpureogenus isolate SD7 produced a high yield of ZnO-NPs. To investigate the effect of calcination temperatures, the mycogenic ZnO-NPs were calcined at different temperatures ranging from 450 °C to 650 °C and further characterized using various spectroscopic and imaging techniques. Characterization techniques using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the ZnO-NPs exhibited a flake-like structure with irregular size and hexagonal wurtzite structure. It was also confirmed that particle size increased with higher calcination temperatures. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties were significantly affected by the calcination temperatures against Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila, with S. agalactiae being more sensitive to ZnO-NPs. This study demonstrates the potential of green-synthesized mycogenic ZnO-NPs as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional antibiotics in managing these freshwater fish pathogens.