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Hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) holds significant potential for renewable energy integration and hydrogen utilization. However, injecting hydrogen into the natural gas network alters the original fluid dynamics and complicates the physical properties of compressed gas, posing operational safety challenges to the electricity-HCNG-integrated energy system (E-HCNG-IES). To address this issue, this chapter examines the impact of HCNG on the dynamic characteristics of the gas network and proposes an improved HCNG network model, incorporating the influence of hydrogen blending into the pressure drop equation and linepack equation. Additionally, an optimal dispatch model for the E-HCNG-IES is developed, considering the full supply chain of HCNG, including production, storage, blending, transportation, and utilization. The dispatch problem is reformulated as a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) problem using second-order cone (SOC) relaxation and piecewise linearization techniques. To obtain a tighter solution, an iterative algorithm is introduced, combining the convex-concave procedure with a bound-tightening method. Finally, the proposed methodology is validated using two numerical test cases of E-HCNG-IES with varying hydrogen volume fractions. A detailed operational analysis indicates that although energy delivery capacity and pipeline linepack flexibility decrease with increasing hydrogen volume fraction, the E-HCNG-IES benefits economically and environmentally from higher hydrogen integration.

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Network-Based Modeling and Operation Optimization for Power-Hydrogen IESs under Multiple Uncertainties

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Zhi Wu,
  • Qirun Sun,
  • Wei Gu,
  • Suyang Zhou,
  • Pengxiang Liu,
  • Yue Qiu

摘要

Hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) holds significant potential for renewable energy integration and hydrogen utilization. However, injecting hydrogen into the natural gas network alters the original fluid dynamics and complicates the physical properties of compressed gas, posing operational safety challenges to the electricity-HCNG-integrated energy system (E-HCNG-IES). To address this issue, this chapter examines the impact of HCNG on the dynamic characteristics of the gas network and proposes an improved HCNG network model, incorporating the influence of hydrogen blending into the pressure drop equation and linepack equation. Additionally, an optimal dispatch model for the E-HCNG-IES is developed, considering the full supply chain of HCNG, including production, storage, blending, transportation, and utilization. The dispatch problem is reformulated as a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) problem using second-order cone (SOC) relaxation and piecewise linearization techniques. To obtain a tighter solution, an iterative algorithm is introduced, combining the convex-concave procedure with a bound-tightening method. Finally, the proposed methodology is validated using two numerical test cases of E-HCNG-IES with varying hydrogen volume fractions. A detailed operational analysis indicates that although energy delivery capacity and pipeline linepack flexibility decrease with increasing hydrogen volume fraction, the E-HCNG-IES benefits economically and environmentally from higher hydrogen integration.