At the end of the twentieth century, China’s mainland academic community integrated comparative and foreign literature within higher education, establishing them as a new secondary discipline—Comparative and World Literature with the challenge of genuinely entering this realm becoming a pressing theoretical issue. This merge points towards a concept of human literature or literary anthropology. I have previously interpreted comparative literature as the trend of literary research moving from an era of isolation and closure to one of openness and exchange, predicting the future prospect of this trend as literary anthropology. This chapter aims to further clarify why a transformation from world literature and comparative literature to literary anthropology is suggested, and what underlying epochal factors and theoretical foundations support this trend.