As a novel technological solution, UV-based wireless communication demonstrates notable strengths including omnidirectional operability across diverse meteorological conditions, enhanced signal confidentiality, and superior resistance to environmental disruptions. The study systematically delineates the fundamental architecture of UV-based communication systems while developing a novel theoretical framework for solar-blind spectrum NLOS propagation through ellipsoidal coordinate system modeling. Based on the integration of effective scatterers, the optical power density formula of the single scattering model is derived. In order to solve the complex numerical integration problem in the process of solving and the situation that the analytical solution cannot be obtained, this paper approximates the volume of the effective scatterer by the volume of the regular geometric cone, simplifies the model under the coplanar condition, and finally obtains the path loss of the simplified model expression. The influence of various parameters in the system on path loss was further analyzed, and the relationship between atmospheric visibility, communication distance and data transmission rate under different bit error rate conditions was explored. The research results show that the ultraviolet light communication system is suitable for communication between short-distance nodes, providing theoretical support for the engineering application of ultraviolet light communication.