Global caesarean section (C-section) delivery is unevenly distributed and results in more than 15% of all abdominal deliveries. The present study aims to investigate the socio-demographic and economic determinants of C-section deliveries in Maharashtra. The fifth round of the National Family Health Survey 2019–21 was used to estimate the determinants of C-section. Oaxaca decomposition was used to find inequality in the C-section among public and private health facilities. The proportion of C-section deliveries in Maharashtra during 2019–21 was observed to be 25.4%, with 18.3% of the deliveries occurring at public health facilities, while 38.9% of the deliveries took place in private health care settings. Nandurbar (7.9%) had the lowest prevalence of C-section deliveries while Kolhapur (38.1%) in the western region had the maximum prevalence of deliveries through C-section procedure. About 7% of the total inequality was explained by women's economic status followed by the mother’s birth order (5.2%) and the mother’s educational attainment (5%). The study found an overall increase in the prevalence of C-section delivery among all the different geographical regions of Maharashtra. A huge gap between C-sections among different districts of the state, along with women's economic status, mother's birth order, and mother's education were also observed which might be the major contributing factors to the increasing gap in C-section delivery among health facilities.