Two economically significant Cucurbitaceae commodities that are cultivated globally are watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum., and melon (Cucumis melo L.). The quality of melon and watermelon can be significantly assessed by considering the following characteristics: fruit shape, fruit epidermis pattern, fruit skin color, fruit flesh, fruit aroma, and soluble solid content (SSC). The flavor level of a melon has a substantial impact on its quality and consumer appeal. Fruit yield increase is one of the primary objectives of both public and private watermelon breeding programs. Fruit yield, average fruit weight, and fruit count are significant determinants of the marketability and profitability of the watermelon produce industry. Polygenic in nature and characterized by moderate to low heritability, fruit yield is determined by a combination of interdependent component characteristics such as vine architecture, plant density (number of plants per area), fruit count per plant, and fruit weight. The interaction between environmental factors and the physiological and morphological attributes of the plant determines the quantity of each of these yield component traits. The development of consumer-appealing fruit quality and tolerance to biotic stress in watermelon and other cucurbit crops has been the subject of protracted and iterative selection efforts. Utilizing reliable phenotypic data, high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, and historical meiotic events, the GWAS method attempts to identify marker-trait associations. The discovery of genomic regions that govern fruit yield and maturation time will be advantageous for trait introgressions assisted by markers. Utilize GWAS to examine the genomic regions (cantaloupe and melon candidate genes and significant SNPs) that underlie the observed phenotypic variation. The GWAS and quantitative trait loci (QTL) methodology was effectively employed to ascertain marker-trait associations through the utilization of SNP markers obtained from whole-genome resequencing.