Carrots (Daucus carota L.), a root vegetable that is significant during the cool season, are cultivated and consumed worldwide. Moreover, in addition to imparting a noticeable flavour to consumers, the storage root is abundant in nutritional fibre, carotenoids, vitamins, and anthocyanins. Molecular breeding techniques, whether traditional or contemporary, have been instrumental in enhancing the yield and quality of crops in temperate, subtropical, and tropical areas worldwide. This chapter provides a concise overview of the existing genetic resources; advancements in carrot breeding with respect to significant biotic and abiotic stresses, yield, and quality; genomic resources, genome-wide association studies, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Furthermore, this paper addresses the obstacles and potential progress associated with tropical carrot breeding in terms of enhancing critical characteristics, including but not limited to beta-carotene content, obtuse root morphology, and scar-free smooth roots.