Legumes are crucial crops in agriculture due to their unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and their role in nutrient cycling, soil fertility, animal feed, and global food security. Despite their ecological and economic significance, legume production faces serious challenges, including soil nutrient depletion and various biotic and abiotic stresses due to changing climate conditions. Leguminous plants strongly depend on host-associated microbiomes, which alter their response to climate variations. Tremendous advancements in culture-independent techniques have essentially transformed our perspectives of plant-microbiome interactions. Microbiome studies in legumes emphasize the importance of understanding the complex interplay between the host and microbes in promoting plant health and productivity, stress tolerance, and nutrient uptake. Translating this scientific knowledge into promising strategies can help to overcome the critical constraints in legume cultivation and enhance its sustainable production. This chapter discusses the advancement made in legume microbiome research and addresses the pivotal role of microbiome in sustainable legume production.