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Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals poses serious ecological and public health risks. Traditional remediation methods are often limited by cost and environmental impact. This study explores the potential of saponin, a biodegradable, plant-derived surfactant in foam-assisted bioremediation of artificially contaminated sandy soil. Foam was generated using saponin concentrations ranging from 5% to 20% and tested under varying flow rates, pressures, and treatment durations. The results showed a reduction in specific gravity and pH by 8.03% and 8.76%, respectively, and a 21.51% decline in the internal friction angle due to contamination. Post-treatment analysis revealed that saponin foam effectively restored geotechnical properties and enhanced heavy metal removal. FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction between saponin functional groups and metal ions, with 15% saponin yielding optimal performance. This study demonstrates that foam-based saponin application is a viable, eco-friendly alternative to conventional physico-chemical methods.

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Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Sandy Soil Using Foam Technology

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Athira Anil,
  • K. Divya Krishnan,
  • P. T. Ravichandran

摘要

Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals poses serious ecological and public health risks. Traditional remediation methods are often limited by cost and environmental impact. This study explores the potential of saponin, a biodegradable, plant-derived surfactant in foam-assisted bioremediation of artificially contaminated sandy soil. Foam was generated using saponin concentrations ranging from 5% to 20% and tested under varying flow rates, pressures, and treatment durations. The results showed a reduction in specific gravity and pH by 8.03% and 8.76%, respectively, and a 21.51% decline in the internal friction angle due to contamination. Post-treatment analysis revealed that saponin foam effectively restored geotechnical properties and enhanced heavy metal removal. FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction between saponin functional groups and metal ions, with 15% saponin yielding optimal performance. This study demonstrates that foam-based saponin application is a viable, eco-friendly alternative to conventional physico-chemical methods.