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3D printing in construction has driven research on optimizing printable mix formulations. Key parameters like water-cement (W/C) ratio, sand-cement (S/C) ratio, and superplasticizer dosage influence mix rheology and extrudability. This study investigates how variations in these ratios affect printability using a lab-scale extrusion setup. Slump cone and flow table tests assess extrudability. Lower W/C ratios improve extrusion by reducing mix viscosity. Proper superplasticizer levels enhance flowability by dispersing cement particles. However, excessive dosage can cause segregation and slump loss. The findings help identify optimal mix proportions, supporting advancements in 3D concrete printing.

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Extrudability in 3D Printing: A Comprehensive Approach to S/C, W/C Ratios and Superplasticizer Content

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Aravindhraj Mani,
  • Muthu Kumar Sekar

摘要

3D printing in construction has driven research on optimizing printable mix formulations. Key parameters like water-cement (W/C) ratio, sand-cement (S/C) ratio, and superplasticizer dosage influence mix rheology and extrudability. This study investigates how variations in these ratios affect printability using a lab-scale extrusion setup. Slump cone and flow table tests assess extrudability. Lower W/C ratios improve extrusion by reducing mix viscosity. Proper superplasticizer levels enhance flowability by dispersing cement particles. However, excessive dosage can cause segregation and slump loss. The findings help identify optimal mix proportions, supporting advancements in 3D concrete printing.