The virtual power plant’s control architecture is vital for power market participation and grid scheduling, mainly categorized into three modes. In the centralized control mode, the central control center has full control over all units, but it faces high communication and computational loads with limited scalability due to repetitive information. The distributed control mode uses hierarchical control, where local control centers manage regional units, formulate plans, and exchange information with the high-level center, improving communication efficiency and scalability. The fully distributed control mode consists of autonomous subsystems with intelligent agents. The central center acts as a data hub, providing excellent scalability and flexibility, though with slightly weaker real-time terminal resource management, and enabling large-scale, diverse management.