Advanced biorefinery technology represents a cutting-edge approach focused on maximizing the value derived from biomass. This innovative technology employs a range of processes including biomass pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and separation techniques to transform biomass into valuable products such as biochemicals, biofuels, and other biomaterials. By integrating advanced biorefinery technology with existing industrial processes, there is a significant likely to diminish our support on fossil fuels and lessen the environmental impact. The advancements in biorefinery technology have marked a substantial progression toward more efficient and eco-friendly operations in recent centuries. This chapter offers a concise summary of the latest developments in advanced biorefinery technologies, showcasing different types of advanced biorefineries such as lignocellulosic biomass-derived biofuel biorefineries and in addition microalgae-derived biorefineries, each at varying levels of technological readiness. While only a handful of advanced biorefineries have scaled up to commercial production, the primary objective remains achieving profitability. The chapter discusses key examples of biorefineries, emphasizing both thermochemical and biochemical processes utilized in producing advanced biofuels, alongside economic evaluations. Furthermore, it touches upon product-focused biorefineries like biomass biorefineries and genetic enhancement biorefineries, acknowledging that critical technologies are still in development, limiting the number of operational facilities. Ultimately, the chapter aims to highlight the newest technical advancements within the biorefinery sector.