Concrete is a material commonly used in the building industry because it is accessible and reasonably priced, even if it is prone to fracture development. Because of its affordability and accessibility, concrete is a material that is frequently utilized in building, despite its propensity for fracture development. The safety and longevity of concrete infrastructures are also at risk, particularly in those with severe sealing regulations, as these cracks are frequently difficult to find and fix. The use of microorganisms in bacteria-based remediation is therefore a worthwhile approach to sustainable concrete maintenance as well as crack repair without the need for human intervention. There is growing interest in using bacteria-based self-healing concrete for substructures in earth conditions as a way to increase the durability and longevity of infrastructure. The present study proposed a thorough examination of bacterial concrete, covering the mechanisms of bio-mineralization via the decomposition of calcium carbonate, the selection and classification of microorganisms, and its use as a material for self-healing and restoration. It is thoroughly explained how to create bacterial concrete using bacterial strains like Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sphaericus and how well they work with cementitious materials. The study also critically examines recent developments and experimental results from the literature, providing information on how to optimize bacterial concrete for a range of infrastructure uses. The review highlights the importance of this new technology in promoting sustainable building methods and reducing the negative consequences of concrete deterioration by discussing both its potential and its limitations.