In the digital society, digital literacy and skills have emerged as essential components of core competencies for all citizens. They encompass a broad range of abilities required for learning, working, and living in a digital environment—such as digital access, creation, use, evaluation, interaction, sharing, innovation, security, and ethical awareness (Cyberspace Administration of China, 2021). Within the ongoing transformation of education in the digital era, the development of digital literacy and skills among teachers and students has become a central concern for achieving high-quality teaching and learning. These competencies not only affect the effectiveness of teachers’ digital instruction but also directly influence students’ learning outcomes and digital readiness for the future.