This chapter elaborates a world-system analysis inspired perspective on current ecological crises, as grounds for understanding our predicament and advancing alternatives. This perspective highlights the centrality of capitalism as what Jason Moore describes as an environment-making revolution, dependent on “cheap nature” (cheap food, labor, energy, raw materials) to support the endless accumulation of capital. Drawing on Moore’s (2017) concept of Capitalocene as “a way of thinking capitalist crisis world-ecologically” (p. 620), and theorizing from the degrowth/post-growth field, the chapter presents these as a potential resource for UNESCO’s concept of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). ESD in this way can engage students in critical understanding of the Capitalocene and need for fundamental systemic transformations toward non-capitalist and post-growth alternatives. The chapter concludes with a review of the Chinese concept of Ecological Civilization (EC; 生态文 明), as a potentially paradigmatic break with capitalist logic of growth and accumulation, and so with what Moore describes as Capitalist Civilization. These potentials within EC are highlighted, as important resources for ESD work promoting systemic, post-Capitalocene, transformation.