This paper employed quantitative measurement methods to conduct empirical research on PM2.5 concentrations, analyzing the formation and maintenance mechanisms of the microclimate environment in parks and exploring the impact of spatial composition elements on the distribution of PM2.5. The study selected six areas with different landscape elements within People's Park in Mianyang City. By monitoring PM2.5 concentrations, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed across these areas, the research analyzes the relationship between the composition of landscape elements and PM2.5 concentrations. The data obtained was processed using statistical analysis and analyzed by plotting using ORIGIN software. It further investigated the correlation between variations in meteorological factors across different areas and PM2.5 concentrations, providing theoretical evidence for optimizing the microclimate of parks. The findings of this research are as follows: (1) Significant differences exist in PM2.5 concentrations among spaces composed of different landscape elements; (2) Wind speed, air temperature, temperature, and humidity exhibit certain correlations with PM2.5 concentrations, with wind speed showing the strongest correlation with fine particulate matter, indicating a significant negative correlation, maximum negative correlation of wind speed can reach 0.74; (3) There was no evident correlation between PM2.5 concentrations and the area ratios of water bodies, roads, and pavements; however, the area ratio of buildings demonstrates a moderate positive correlation with PM2.5 concentrations. This study provided a theoretical basis and methodology for urban park design based on outdoor environmental assessment.