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This study examines the efficacy of sodium carbonate as a precipitating agent for the selective recovery of nickel and cobalt from sulfuric acid-based hydrometallurgical effluents generated during nickel-cobalt processing. Metal concentrations in the effluent were quantified via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Optimal precipitation conditions were identified at pH 8.5, a stirring duration of 40 min, and a temperature of 75 °C, achieving approximately 98% metal removal efficiency. Notably, maximum metal recovery efficiency was observed at a reduced temperature of 35 °C, highlighting a temperature-dependent trade-off between removal and recovery. The precipitated residues were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to elucidate phase composition and morphological characteristics. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of nickel and cobalt carbonates as primary phases, alongside the secondary phase thenardite (Na2SO4), while SEM imaging revealed distinct crystalline morphologies indicative of controlled precipitation kinetics. The process demonstrated high selectivity toward nickel and cobalt, with negligible co-precipitation of magnesium impurities, underscoring its efficiency in complex effluent systems. The integration of XRD and SEM-EDS provided critical insights into the precipitation mechanism and the structural integrity of the recovered products.

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Optimization and Sludge Characterization of Nickel-Cobalt Wastewater with Sodium Carbonate Precipitation

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Rosita Kartika Putri,
  • Chen Lin,
  • Liu Tao

摘要

This study examines the efficacy of sodium carbonate as a precipitating agent for the selective recovery of nickel and cobalt from sulfuric acid-based hydrometallurgical effluents generated during nickel-cobalt processing. Metal concentrations in the effluent were quantified via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Optimal precipitation conditions were identified at pH 8.5, a stirring duration of 40 min, and a temperature of 75 °C, achieving approximately 98% metal removal efficiency. Notably, maximum metal recovery efficiency was observed at a reduced temperature of 35 °C, highlighting a temperature-dependent trade-off between removal and recovery. The precipitated residues were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to elucidate phase composition and morphological characteristics. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of nickel and cobalt carbonates as primary phases, alongside the secondary phase thenardite (Na2SO4), while SEM imaging revealed distinct crystalline morphologies indicative of controlled precipitation kinetics. The process demonstrated high selectivity toward nickel and cobalt, with negligible co-precipitation of magnesium impurities, underscoring its efficiency in complex effluent systems. The integration of XRD and SEM-EDS provided critical insights into the precipitation mechanism and the structural integrity of the recovered products.