Nursing in Geriatric Patients: Psychosocial Aspects
摘要
Aging of humans is a physiological and dynamic process ongoing with time. The concept of old has changed drastically over the years. An improvement in the standard of living, advancement in medical technology, and better access to medical facilities have contributed to population growth, declining mortality rates and substantial increase in longevity. Data published by the United Nations showed that as of 2019, there were 703 million persons aged 65 years or over in the world. The number of old persons is projected to double in the coming years. Globally, the share of the population aged 65 years or over increased from 6% in 1990 to 9% in 2019. As people get older, they experience changes in physical and cognitive capacities as well as changes in emotional experience and social interests. Biological aging is characterized by progressive age-related changes in metabolism and enzymatic activities within cells, resulting in diminished responsiveness to biological demands made on the body. Psychosocial aging refers to human perception of and adaptability to the aging process. With progressed age, difficulties with adjustment to the new situation are increasing, adverse changes in the cognitive and intellectual sphere take place, perception process involutes, perceived sensations and information received is lowered, and thinking processes change. Social activity of the individual largely depends on how society perceives the aging human. Thus, geriatric patients present with multiple age-related challenges, and nurses need to view such patients as individuals, each with specific needs and abilities while providing nursing care.