The gradually increasing geriatric population in India, along with social changes, has brought attention to the expanding mental health concerns among the elderly in India. This has also necessitated forays into geriatric mental health on a larger scale than before. Geriatric mental health research intends to answer many of the vexing questions encountered in the elderly population in the clinical and community settings. Research needs to be encouraged in India to provide contextually relevant answers to questions of how mental health can be promoted, and how mental illness can be tackled effectively and in a safe manner, and with minimal investment of resources. This chapter deals with the various challenges and opportunities related to geriatric mental health in India. It is hoped that mental health research in India would lead to the improvement of the geriatric population in India.