Indonesia’s Foreign Policy in Pursuing Human Rights Norms to Combat Trafficking in Persons
摘要
This chapter encapsulates Indonesian foreign policy, regulations, and policy implementation to advance the protection of Indonesian migrant workers (IMW) from trafficking in persons (TIPs). Since his election in 2014, President Joko Widodo has underscored a pro-people foreign policy aimed at safeguarding Indonesians both domestically and abroad. This chapter will examine Indonesia’s foreign policy in addressing TIPs, encompassing land, maritime, and cyber trafficking activities. It employs norm entrepreneurship as a conceptual framework to investigate how Indonesia frames, institutionalizes, and keeps promoting human rights norms in addressing trafficking issues through the conduct of human rights diplomacy in combating TIPs. We argue that there has been progress in adopting a human rights perspective to combat TIPs and protect IMW as TIPs victims, indicating Indonesia’s proactive role as a norm entrepreneur in advocating TIPs as human rights issues. This progress is seen at a bilateral, regional, and multilateral level. However, despite the existing efforts and advancements, Jokowi’s policy on TIPs continues to encounter substantial challenges due to the long-established perception of TIPs as a more political-security matter at the national and regional level, as well as the unequal interests at the multilateral efforts. Therefore, Jokowi legates problems of inclusive TIPs to the next presidency, including promoting a more balanced paradigm that takes into account the socio-cultural and economic aspects of TIPs.