During President Joko Widodo’s (Jokowi) tenure, economic growth had been the main priority for Indonesia’s development, including in its foreign policy. His “Nawa Cita” and “Trade, Tourism, and Investment” commitments encouraged Indonesia’s foreign policy to strengthen economic diplomacy in every possible way, including utilizing the support of public diplomacy. An example includes the formulation of a gastrodiplomacy strategy, such as the Co-branding Wonderful Indonesia and the Indonesian Spice Up the World (ISUTW), which exercises the efficacy of culinary and cultural diplomacy to win over foreign people’s hearts and minds through food. This study examines the formulation of Indonesian gastrodiplomacy during Jokowi’s two terms in office, and its implementation in the case contexts of Australia and the Netherlands, two countries with a significant number of Indonesian diasporas and long-term historical relationships with Indonesia. Data for this study are collected through a mixed-method research approach, involving online surveys, observations, and in-depth interviews, and are analyzed with the concept of three levels of foreign policy analysis. It found that the prominent foci of foreign policy to overview the implementation of Indonesian gastrodiplomacy during Jokowi's tenure involve individuals (leaders and groups of policymakers, including ministries and non-state actors), states (internal factors influencing a state’s foreign policy behavior and action), and the international system (capabilities of states interacting with other states and outcomes of the policy). Indonesian gastrodiplomacy initiatives were formulated based on individual characteristics involving leaders and non-state actors, particularly Indonesian diasporas. In determining its goals, the government has considered internal factors such as the abundance of Indonesian spices, food history, and established Indonesian restaurants abroad, but overlooked its capabilities in the international context where regulations and consumer behaviors, such as healthy lifestyle and fresh food-oriented preferences, become concerns, depending on which country Indonesia will target for gastrodiplomacy.