Outer space is open for business. The current era of space exploration and use, sometimes referred to as NewSpace or Space 4.0, is characterised by new business paradigms, disruptive technologies, start-ups, public-private partnerships, and the increasing commercialisation of space activities (Martin, 2015, p. 6; European Space Agency [ESA], 2016). From our current vantage point in the first quarter of the twenty-first century, the space industry will be a driving force in how the rest of this century unfolds. In areas such as materials science and manufacturing to telemedicine and epidemiology, the space industry is facilitating economic and technological progress and offering us solutions to problems that were previously out of reach. As of 2022, the global space economy was estimated to be worth USD 384 billion (BryceTech, 2023), with economic forecasting suggesting that it may grow to over USD 1 trillion by 2040 (Morgan Stanley, 2020; Deloitte, 2020a). Much of this growth is attributable to the increasing commercialisation of outer space, where space companies and businesses are developing and offering new goods and services to different markets, investors, consumers, and clients. As a result, space technologies, goods, and services are increasingly important in many parts of society and throughout the broader economy. From satellite imagery used to monitor and respond to natural disasters to the Global Positioning System (GPS) accessed by most smartphones, the space industry provides commercial value across a broad range of business offerings. This chapter will explain the historical background that has given rise to the diverse and expanding contemporary commercial space industry, including important milestones that have facilitated the growth of the industry. The chapter will then describe recent industry trends, and go on to explain the various segments or categories that make up the commercial space industry including their associated goods and services.