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The potential adverse effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) on the environment and human health have attracted a lot of research interest due to their abundance in river systems. The temporal and spatial distribution of PPCPs in river water around China and India is comprehensively examined in the present study. Common sources of PPCPs, their behavior, and ultimate fate are discussed in detail, with reported concentrations of antibiotics, hormones, antimicrobial agents, biocides, and preservatives ranging from ng/L to μg/L, indicating their continuous discharge into riverine environments. This chapter examines the environmental impacts of PPCPs, emphasizing their persistence and the need for continued research and mitigation approaches.

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Spatial and Temporal Distribution of PPCPs in River Systems: A Comparative Review of China and India

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Minal Milind Gune,
  • Zi-Feng Zhang,
  • Keshava Balakrishna,
  • Wen-Long Li,
  • Ning-Zheng Zhu,
  • Yi-Fan Li,
  • Saurabh Joshi

摘要

The potential adverse effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) on the environment and human health have attracted a lot of research interest due to their abundance in river systems. The temporal and spatial distribution of PPCPs in river water around China and India is comprehensively examined in the present study. Common sources of PPCPs, their behavior, and ultimate fate are discussed in detail, with reported concentrations of antibiotics, hormones, antimicrobial agents, biocides, and preservatives ranging from ng/L to μg/L, indicating their continuous discharge into riverine environments. This chapter examines the environmental impacts of PPCPs, emphasizing their persistence and the need for continued research and mitigation approaches.