Biokinetic coefficients are crucial for understanding and predicting the growth of microorganisms under different environmental conditions. This study investigates the effectiveness and operational dynamics of a pilot-scale Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) system that treats the wastewater from an educational institute. The study also investigates the behavior of microorganisms by determining biokinetic coefficients and compares the treatability of the MBR system with that of a conventional activated sludge system (CAS). The biokinetic coefficients such as the yield coefficient (Y), maximum growth rate (μm), endogenous decay coefficient (kd), and half saturation constant (Ks) were found to be 0.510 mg/mg, 0.387 day−1, 0.151 day−1, and 53.71 mg COD/l, respectively. Despite a higher kd value, the other biokinetic coefficients were consistent with those for activated sludge processes, with operational factors potentially influencing microbial growth. The MBR’s treated water quality was better than the CAS in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), TSS, and Oil & Grease. Additionally, without any chlorination, the MBR achieved an MPN removal rate of 81.25%. The results of this study provide a thorough evaluation of the MBR system’s efficacy and its capacity to provide a more efficient and sustainable method of treating domestic wastewater.