Coal bottom ash (CBA) is a by-product of coal combustion in thermal power plants. This study focuses on enhancing the strength properties of CBA by incorporating lime at varying dosages (6%, 7%, and 8%) and subjecting it to different curing durations (7, 14, and 28 days) to identify the optimal mix proportions. The maximum unconfined compressive strength (UCS) recorded was 280 kPa for the CBA containing 8% lime and cured for 28 days. The observed strength enhancement was linked to the presence of ettringite, as verified by FTIR analysis. Additionally, the lime-treated CBA (L-CBA) samples underwent three cycles of durability testing involving wetting and drying, leading to noticeable shape degradation. After completing three cycles, the L-CBA specimens exhibited a 12% increase in UCS compared with the UCS of the 28-day cured L-CBA. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy images of L-CBA were analyzed to gain deeper insight into its microstructural characteristics.