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This study investigates the potential of cold mix asphalt (CMA) technology as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for road construction. CMA offers an environmentally conscious offering a promising shift from conventional approaches by eliminating the need for heating aggregates and bitumen, which reduces consumption of energy and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, this technology enables the incorporation of recycled materials, supporting resource conservation and environmental sustainability. The leading objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy of using slow setting emulsified bitumen in cold mix asphalt combined with unheated aggregates, 2% cement, 3% stone dust, and various cementitious fillers. Specifically, the study aims to develop new cold mix asphalt formulations by substituting conventional fillers with two industrial by-products: ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and bagasse ash. These replacements are tested at levels of 25%, 50%, and 100% of the total weight of filler. A series of mix designs are evaluated to identify the optimal emulsion content, ranging from 7% to 11%, and various tests are conducted to appraise the mixture’s properties. The methodology includes adhesion tests at temperature 25 °C and 40 °C to evaluate emulsion content and aggregate coating, as well as coating tests with water content variations from 1% to 4%. Seven sets of CMBC (cold mix bituminous concrete) were taken for the study. The mechanical properties of seven mixes were evaluated using various tests, including the Marshall quotient test, Marshall stability test, indirect tensile strength (ITS) test, wheel tracking test, tensile strength ratio (TSR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) test. An 8% emulsion content was found to be ideal for all mix types, improving stability by 30% in cement, GGBS, and bagasse ash compared to conventional mixes. Utilizing nonconventional fillers (NCF) and bagasse ash as an activator increased the tensile strength ratio by 10% and improved resistance to permanent deformation in cold mix bituminous concrete with GGBS. This enhancement is the outcome of increased moisture loss, new hydration products, and mix stiffening for better rutting resistance.

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Enhancing Cold Mix Bituminous Concrete with Bagasse Ash and GGBS as a Filler: A Study on Mechanical Properties

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Vasanti Patil,
  • M. Varuna,
  • Sunil Siddaraju

摘要

This study investigates the potential of cold mix asphalt (CMA) technology as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for road construction. CMA offers an environmentally conscious offering a promising shift from conventional approaches by eliminating the need for heating aggregates and bitumen, which reduces consumption of energy and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, this technology enables the incorporation of recycled materials, supporting resource conservation and environmental sustainability. The leading objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy of using slow setting emulsified bitumen in cold mix asphalt combined with unheated aggregates, 2% cement, 3% stone dust, and various cementitious fillers. Specifically, the study aims to develop new cold mix asphalt formulations by substituting conventional fillers with two industrial by-products: ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and bagasse ash. These replacements are tested at levels of 25%, 50%, and 100% of the total weight of filler. A series of mix designs are evaluated to identify the optimal emulsion content, ranging from 7% to 11%, and various tests are conducted to appraise the mixture’s properties. The methodology includes adhesion tests at temperature 25 °C and 40 °C to evaluate emulsion content and aggregate coating, as well as coating tests with water content variations from 1% to 4%. Seven sets of CMBC (cold mix bituminous concrete) were taken for the study. The mechanical properties of seven mixes were evaluated using various tests, including the Marshall quotient test, Marshall stability test, indirect tensile strength (ITS) test, wheel tracking test, tensile strength ratio (TSR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) test. An 8% emulsion content was found to be ideal for all mix types, improving stability by 30% in cement, GGBS, and bagasse ash compared to conventional mixes. Utilizing nonconventional fillers (NCF) and bagasse ash as an activator increased the tensile strength ratio by 10% and improved resistance to permanent deformation in cold mix bituminous concrete with GGBS. This enhancement is the outcome of increased moisture loss, new hydration products, and mix stiffening for better rutting resistance.