Electrochemical water splitting (EWS) is seen as a critical process of future energy strategies, driven by rising worldwide energy demand and the need to transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources. EWS is the process of producing hydrogen and oxygen via electrolysis of water. In this chapter, we will look at how this technology is influencing the shifting energy landscape. Integrating EWS with renewable energy systems to produce green hydrogen creates a clean, storable, and transportable energy vector with a wide range of uses in industry, transportation, and residential buildings. This chapter discusses the fundamental principles of water splitting, various EWS technologies and 2D materials of interest. It also evaluates the regulatory frameworks, scalability, and techno-economic aspects that influence the adoption of EWS technologies. This chapter discusses in depth how EWS may help decarbonize energy systems while also attaining long-term sustainability and energy security objectives via the combination of research, engineering, and policy.