This study employs Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis (CTA) to evaluate the specification and validation of formative and reflective constructs within a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) framework. While the formative-reflective distinction is critical in construct development, its implications are often overlooked, leading to issues such as construct misspecification, identification challenges, and validation errors. Using a systematic approach, this research compares the utility of formative and reflective modeling approaches, demonstrating that certain constructs align better with a reflective framework, while one other exhibit stronger validity when modeled formatively. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a hybrid formative-reflective approach to accurately capture the complexity of latent constructs and their observed measures.

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An Assessment of Formative and Reflective Constructs in Ethnic Consumer Behavior Research

  • Thi Thu Cuc Nguyen,
  • Van Tang Nguyen

摘要

This study employs Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis (CTA) to evaluate the specification and validation of formative and reflective constructs within a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) framework. While the formative-reflective distinction is critical in construct development, its implications are often overlooked, leading to issues such as construct misspecification, identification challenges, and validation errors. Using a systematic approach, this research compares the utility of formative and reflective modeling approaches, demonstrating that certain constructs align better with a reflective framework, while one other exhibit stronger validity when modeled formatively. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a hybrid formative-reflective approach to accurately capture the complexity of latent constructs and their observed measures.