Wastewater from textile industries is recognized as one of the contributors towards water resources pollution globally. Water effluent from these industries contains a significant number of dye-contaminants. This has tremendously affected the already scarce water resources and biotic processes within aquatic ecosystems. Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising, eco-friendly technology that utilizes renewable energy to break down organic pollutants from wastewater. Titanium dioxide has been used for this purpose. However, TiO2 is limited by its low surface area, rapid charge recombination and inadequate light absorption range due to its wide band gap. Therefore, the synthesis of titania-based heterojunction photocatalysts with materials that possess low bandgaps such as Ag3VO4 and BiVO4 is proposed to effectively improve the ability of titania-based heterojunction photocatalyst to absorb visible light and separate photogenerated charges. In this study, titania was synthesized by microwave-assisted method while BiVO4, BiVO4–TiO2 and Ag3VO4 were synthesized by hydrothermal method. Sol gel method was used for the fabrication of Ag3VO4–TiO2 photocatalyst. The Ag3VO4–BiVO4 photocatalyst was prepared through chemical deposition. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and monoclinic BiVO4, α-Ag3VO4, anatase TiO2 were obtained. Their photocatalytic activities were determined through the degradation of methylene blue (MB). Silver vanadate demonstrated high photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of MB, in which 86% was achieved within the first 10 min and 100% MB degradation was obtained in 50 min under UV light irradiation. Under visible light conditions, BiVO4–TiO2 proved to be the most effective catalyst, reaching a complete MB degradation within 40 min. BiVO4 demonstrated lower photocatalytic degradation efficiencies relative to others under visible and UV light. All Ag3VO4, BiVO4 and TiO2-based heterojunction photocatalysts showed a great potential in the degradation of MB.