This chapter focuses on Marx’s exploration of the path to proletarian liberation, analyzing how the integration of the theory of alienation and the theory of social revolution serves as a crucial theoretical foundation for achieving human emancipation. Marx combines the theory of alienation and the theory of social revolution to provide a substantive exposition on the issues of political emancipation and human emancipation. Marxism posits that mankind has achieved two essential leaps: first, transcending animality through labor, and second, transforming production relations by abolishing private ownership. However, capitalist society cannot accomplish genuine human emancipation. He emphasizes that only by transcending political emancipation and realizing human emancipation through the abolition of private ownership can individuals break free from the egoism of civil society and become true “species-beings.” In analyzing the relationship between political emancipation and human emancipation, Marx points out that to transform individuals from members of civil society into real man, it is necessary to oppose human self-alienation and restore the alienated world and human relations to humanity itself. Marx proposes the core idea that “the proletariat can achieve complete emancipation only through the complete redemption of humanity,” emphasizing the need to go beyond the political emancipation represented by the bourgeois revolutions of England and France and to realize a fundamental revolution aimed at human emancipation.