The development of Japan’s public recordkeeping system and the archivist profession is discussed in this chapter, focusing on the Standard of Tasks and Competencies for Archivist (STCA) developed by the National Archives of Japan in 2018. Public Records and Archives management in Japan began in the mid-nineteenth century and developed while experiencing record loss due to war and disaster. After World War II, interest in archives management in politics and government was low, but demand by academic researchers was high, and the importance of archives management was reaffirmed in the 2000s. The year 2009 saw the enactment of the Public Records and Archives Management Act, and the National Archives of Japan developed the STCA to establish a professional system for archivist, and in 2020 a “certified archivist” system was initiated, and the profession is being established. However, issues of employment instability, compensation, and professional education remain, and there is a need to enhance education and careers for the digital age.