AI empowerment has become a defining feature of current technological advancement and its integration with various industries. As a vital institution for the preservation and transmission of human culture, the university library must adapt its resources, spatial functions, and services—along with its traditional human-machine-environment system—through the application of advanced AI technologies to meet the demands of the times and the evolving needs of human civilization. The widespread use of AI in the human-machine-environment system of university libraries is expected to significantly support higher education and scientific research. Drawing on principles from human factors engineering, this study investigates the application of AI in this system. It first examines how AI is likely to transform the human, machine, and environmental components of the library system, and then explores the resulting shifts in human-machine interfaces, interaction patterns, and relational dynamics. Thereby, the paper seeks to identify future directions for the development and application of AI-enhanced systems in university libraries. This research provides theoretical insights and practical references for optimizing and advancing library information services in the AI era.