In the field of children’s science exhibitions in museums, the integration of multi-touch technology with digital display systems presents an effective way for interactive exhibitions. However, traditional touch interaction modes often fail to meet the perceptual needs of children. This paper presents a high-precision object recognition algorithm based on infrared multi-touch localization and develops a new exhibition system that combines tangible user interface (TUI) with multi-screen interactive technology. The system achieves precise recognition of physical tokens and enables virtual interaction control. It has been applied in the permanent underwater archaeology science exhibition at the Shanghai Museum. The system effectively enhances children’s engagement and educational outcomes, providing new insights into the application of multi-touch technology in education.