As a floating platform with broad application prospects, the performance of tethered balloons is significantly affected by various environmental factors. This paper delves deeply into the mechanisms by which different environmental conditions, including ambient temperature, wind fields (such as wind speed and direction), geographical environment (topography, altitude), and electromagnetic environment, act on the performance of tethered balloons, such as flight stability, payload capacity, communication, and monitoring functions. Moreover, an environmental adaptability design for tethered balloons has been carried out. Through means such as design optimization, prediction, and monitoring of tethered balloons, a theoretical basis is provided for the reliable operation of tethered balloons in complex environments.