The Research Process, Key Concepts, and Terminologies
摘要
This chapter serves as a cornerstone for understanding the research process and introduces some key terminologies employed in research. The research process is a journey comprising a series of interconnected steps that lead to knowledge generation. It includes an eight-stage process consisting of a preparatory and implementation phase, with a literature review being carried out throughout the research journey. The literature review comprises three main phases: initial phase in developing a research idea, a mid-phase during planning and implementation, and a final phase during reporting. Your department will allocate academic supervisors to guide, coach, and mentor you through the research process, but students carry almost 80% responsibility for the success of their research project. Maintaining a good relationship with your supervisors is extremely beneficial. It helps to make your research journey smooth and productive. Many students fail to complete their research projects on time, and others halt the process. Reasons for the failure include inadequate research skills, time constraints, inadequate institutional support, and limited infrastructure and funding. Students can address these constraints by investing in building research skills, networking, and time management to maintain a work-life balance. Total research setting or visioning the research journey from the start boosts motivation. Further, a clear plan, reflective diary, consistent documentation, and visualizing success help maintain focus and progress. A solid understanding of research concepts and terminologies is essential for developing research skills. Key concepts include constructs, variables (independent, dependent, extraneous, categorical) and their control to ensure validity (truthfulness) and reliability (consistency). Theories, built through cumulative research, explain, predict, and deepen understanding of phenomena. A good theory is testable, relevant, predictive, parsimonious, accurate, and comprehensive. While related, laws, propositions, and models differ from theories in scope and function.