ChatGPT plays a vital role in education, transforming the learning landscape. This chapter presents a study that examined the impact of ChatGPT on the academic achievement and self-efficacy of postgraduate students. The descriptive survey method was used. Two hundred fifty (250) postgraduate students from Kazi Nazrul University, Paschim Bardhaman District in India, were selected through simple random sampling. Findings revealed that the overall level of ChatGPT usage, academic achievement, and self-efficacy is moderate. Results showed significant variations in the use of ChatGPT, especially around access, stream, and department. Statistically significant differences exist in the academic achievement of postgraduate students in gender, stream, caste, and department. Further, findings revealed significant difference in the self-efficacy of postgraduate students with reference to their department. Furthermore, ChatGPT has substantially impacted postgraduate students’ self-efficacy, especially in academic and productivity-related contexts. The study also identified a statistically significant impact of ChatGPT usage on academic achievement and self-efficacy, accounting for 3.3% of the variance in these outcomes. This suggests that while ChatGPT enhances students’ confidence and engagement, other factors play more substantial roles in shaping academic success and self-belief.